Dexamethasone for ocular inflammation

Abstract

Introduction: Corticosteroids, administered systemically and periocularly, have long been used to treat intermediate and posterior segment noninfectious uveitis. In addition to systemic immunosuppressive medications, these therapies are used to reduce inflammation, prevent structural complications and prevent long-term visual loss in patients with uveitis. While systemic immunosuppressive therapies carry their own set of side effects, treatment with local steroids is associated with the risk of development of cataract and glaucoma.

Areas covered: Intravitreal delivery of fluocinolone acetonide via a sustained-release implant (Retisert) was approved by the FDA in 2005 for the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis. Recently, the FDA also approved the biodegradable dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis involving the posterior segment.

Expert opinion: The single injection, 26-week data indicate that the implant is well tolerated and produces meaningful improvements in intraocular inflammation and visual acuity that persist through 6 months. The available 6-month data also indicate that this implant confers much less of a risk of ocular hypertension than other forms of intraocular steroid therapy. However, future longer-term trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety data in patients who receive multiple injections. The newly approved dexamethasone implant, Ozurdex, is a useful addition to our local armamentarium in the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis given its efficacy, safety, and ease of use in the outpatient setting.