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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2011 Aug;36(8):861-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.03.001. Epub 2011 Mar 9.

Subjective sleep disturbance during a smoking cessation program: associations with relapse

Michele L Okun  1 , Michele D Levine, Patricia Houck, Kenneth A Perkins, Marsha D Marcus
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Subjective sleep disturbance during a smoking cessation program: associations with relapse

Michele L Okun et al. Addict Behav. 2011 Aug.

Abstract

Background: Sleep disturbance may affect smoking cessation efforts. We describe sleep changes across three months among women in a smoking cessation program and tested whether sleep disturbances at baseline and 1 month post-quit attempt predicted smoking status at three months.

Methods: Participants (N=322) were women in a randomized, clinical trial for smoking cessation. Sleep disturbances, as well as, insomnia, drowsiness, and sleep quality were evaluated prior to and during three months of cessation treatment. Repeated measures mixed models evaluated change in sleep over time by smoking outcome status. Logistic regression analyses determined whether sleep disturbances at baseline and 1 month post-quit were associated with smoking status at 3 months.

Results: Sleep disturbances were reported by more than 25% of women. Drowsiness, insomnia, and sleep quality changed over time. However, contrary to our hypotheses, none of the sleep variables at either baseline or 1 month post-quit attempt was associated with relapse (p's>.05).

Conclusions: Although mild to severe drowsiness was reported by more women who relapsed than those who remained abstinent, none of the sleep disturbance symptoms predicted smoking relapse. Given high rates of sleep disturbances among women smokers, better prospective evaluations of the relationship of sleep disturbances to smoking cessation treatment outcome are needed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 1a. Percentage of women who reported mild to severe drowsiness by relapse group. We used a cut-off of 30+ to indicate mild to severe drowsiness. A greater percentage of women who relapsed by 3 months reported at least mild drowsiness beginning 7 weeks post-quit. Figure 1b. Percentage of women who reported mild to severe insomnia by relapse group. We used a cut-off of 30+ to indicate mild to severe insomnia. The number of women reporting at least mild insomnia increased 4-6 weeks post quit then subsequently decreased at 3 months.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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