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Review
. 2011 Jul;156(3):1058-66.
doi: 10.1104/pp.111.174318. Epub 2011 Apr 15.

Update on phosphorus nutrition in Proteaceae. Phosphorus nutrition of proteaceae in severely phosphorus-impoverished soils: are there lessons to be learned for future crops?

Hans Lambers  1 , Patrick M Finnegan, Etienne Laliberté, Stuart J Pearse, Megan H Ryan, Michael W Shane, Erik J Veneklaas
Affiliations
Review

Update on phosphorus nutrition in Proteaceae. Phosphorus nutrition of proteaceae in severely phosphorus-impoverished soils: are there lessons to be learned for future crops?

Hans Lambers et al. Plant Physiol. 2011 Jul.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Simple and compound types of proteoid root clusters of Proteaceae. Both types have large numbers of ephemeral rootlets arising from a persistent mother root. A to C, Roots of G. avellana (in Parque Katalapi, Chile). A, Soil profile beneath G. avellana showing numerous white clumps of simple proteoid roots at the trench face. B, Young proteoid root with a high density of growing rootlet tips and normal-shaped apices. C, Mature proteoid rootlets, after the soil has been washed off in water, showing “claviform” apices. D, Roots of Banksia repens, native to southwestern Australia, hydroponically grown at a very low [P] (1 μm or less), with compound proteoid roots. Mature Christmas tree-like morphology is shown at the top, with a developing cluster at bottom (arrow). E, Simple proteoid root clusters of H. prostrata, native to southwestern Australia, each with thousands of rootlets. Plants were grown hydroponically at a very low [P] (1 μm or less). This group of root clusters, about 8 to 12 d old, is likely at its peak in exudation of P-mobilizing carboxylates. Rootlets develop abundant root hairs. Unbranched noncluster roots release very little carboxylate. F, Banksia attenuata, native to southwestern Australia, develops in the field in dense mats of compound proteoid root clusters with rootlets and root hairs just below and in the litter layer. G, Simple proteoid roots of Hakea trifurcata, from the Jurien Bay area of southwestern Australia. Mature rootlets develop abundant root hairs that entrap soil and organic matter, forming sand sausages. Bars = 240 mm in A, 20 mm in B, 8 mm in C, 17 mm in D, 40 mm in E, 50 mm in F, and 30 mm in G.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Concentrations of P in leaves of plants in different regions of the world. Data are based on sources used by Lambers et al. (2010) with some additional values (Pate and Dell, 1984; Diehl et al., 2003; Niinemets et al., 2009). Values for Australia are for various regions on the continent, except southwestern Australia, which are presented separately. The central vertical bar in each box shows the median, the box represents the interquartile range, the whiskers show the location of the most extreme data points that are still within a factor of 1.5 of the upper or lower quartiles, and the black points are outliers that fall outside the values of the “extreme limits” described above.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Hand-cut transverse sections of mature leaves. The lower leaf surface is at the bottom in each micrograph. UV-induced autofluorescence is shown. A, Scleromorphic leaf of B. repens (Proteaceae). Heavily thickened cell walls of epidermis, fibers, and vascular tissues fluorescence blue. Transverse veins (black arrows) connect longitudinal veins that separate each stomatal crypt. Chlorophyll in palisade parenchyma fluoresces red. Bright yellow fluorescence of some vacuolar contents is typical, but its identity is unknown. Upper and lower cuticles are thick (white arrows). Entrances to stomatal crypts are filled with long, thick-walled hairs. B, Mesophytic leaf of barley. The relatively thin-walled longitudinal veins (from left to right: large, small, and large intermediate lateral veins) and fibers fluorescence blue, and chlorophyll in mesophyll parenchyma fluorescences red. The outer epidermal cell wall and cuticle are thin. Bars = 440 μm in A and 240 μm in B.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
P fractions in barley leaves as dependent on P supply, both in absolute (A) and in relative (B) terms. DW, Dry weight. (Based on data from Chapin and Bieleski [1982].)
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