A review of the burden of vertigo

Abstract

Aim and objectives: To provide an overview of vertigo and its management and identify its impact on individuals to offer strategies for managing the condition.

Background: Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms common to many pathologies/dysfunctions ranging from the benign to the potentially serious; many are poorly understood. Although rarely life-threatening, vertigo is debilitating and significantly affects quality of life; it may be as disabling as paralysis or loss of a limb. Although 40-80% of cases remain unexplained, referral for specific investigation is rare.

Design: A narrative literature review including descriptive, theoretical and empirical material reliant on the keywords 'dizziness' and 'vertigo' and the phrase 'vestibular disorders'. This provided diverse information that was used to address the research questions.

Results: Vertigo is a widespread and potentially distressing symptom that may arise at any age and be acute or chronic. For most, it resolves spontaneously; for others, dizziness persists, causing significant distress. Its management is challenging, especially when the underlying cause is unclear. Pharmacological interventions, physiotherapy, psychotherapy or, rarely, surgery can be used in its management. Few nursing studies are available, suggesting that nursing knowledge may be limited.

Relevance to clinical practice: Although nurses may frequently encounter patients with vertigo, there are few relevant nursing studies in this area; few consider appropriate nursing interventions or approaches to patient care. The information provided reveals that understanding the full impact of the condition and identification of patients' needs are essential to effective care. Some strategies to help affected patients are outlined.

Conclusions: Vertigo, a widespread, often intractable condition, affects significant numbers of people; diagnosis and management can be challenging. Treatment, care and support must be selected on an individual basis taking individuals into account. The primary goals are to maintain physical status, psychosocial interaction and quality of life.