Melasma in Latin Americans

Abstract

Melasma is an acquired skin condition characterized by irregular brown or hyperpigmented patches typically located on the forehead, cheeks, nose, chin and upper lip. The pathogenesis of melasma is not completely understood, but is thought to be influenced by genetics, UV exposure, thyroid dysfunction and hormonal influences from either pregnancy or hormonal therapeutic medications. Peoples of Latin descent comprise a vast array of skin colors and skin phototypes. Similarly, disorders of pigmentation, particularly melasma, occur more frequently in people of Latin descent when compared to the general population. Melasma can be particularly distressing to patients and has been shown to impact a patient's quality of life in several studies. These factors can raise significant quality of life issues and therefore treatment is not only significant for improving patient clinical outcomes, but is crucial in improving important psychological and emotional aspects of patients' overall well being. This article provides a stepwise approach to the treatment of melasma based on current literature recommendations.