Oxidatively induced concurrent cationic and radical polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of LiCB11Me12

Abstract

A solution of a mechanistic puzzle is reported: upon initiation with air at 25 °C or with di-tert-butyl peroxide at 80 °C, isobutylene (IB) polymerizes at 1 atm in weakly coordinating solvents containing 10 wt % LiCB(11)(CH(3))(12) to a mixture of highly branched (b-PIB) and linear (l-PIB) polyisobutylene. The former polymer is separable by solvent extraction and is identical with the b-PIB that is produced from IB as a sole product under similar conditions under nonoxidizing radical initiation with azo-tert-butane. The latter polymer differs from standard l-PIB in that it carries a carborane anion attached at the chain end. The molecular weight of b-PIB ranges up to 26,000, and that of l-PIB, up to 50,000. Evidence is presented that the concurrent polymerization of IB to b-PIB and l-PIB is launched by an initial oxidation of the CB(11)(CH(3))(12)(-) anion to a neutral radical CB(11)(CH(3))(12)(•). This radical is proposed to subsequently transfer a methyl radical to IB, thus launching the formation of b-PIB by the radical mechanism while leaving behind the borenium ylide CB(11)(CH(3))(11), which is a strong Lewis acid and induces simultaneously the formation of l-PIB by the cationic mechanism.