Hormonal determinants and effect of ER22/23EK glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphism on health status deterioration in the participants of the Mataró Ageing Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the potential relationships of circulating IGF-I, adrenal and gonadal steroids, and polymorphism ER22/23EK of the glucocorticoid receptor (GC-R) gene with nutritional, functional and cognitive deterioration in a group of elderly people living independently. This is a population-based prospective study with 313 individuals (160 women and 153 men, 76.7 ± 7 years) who participated. A physical exam, evaluation of functional capacity (Barthel scale), cognitive function (mini-mental state examination-MMSE), geriatric depression scale (GDS), mininutritional assessment (MNA-SF) and cardiometabolic status were performed at basal time point and at 2 years of follow-up. Biological measurements included cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, testosterone, estradiol, IGF-I and polymorphism ER22/23EK of the GC-R gene. Estradiol was associated with MNA-SF decrease over time (p < 0.01, adjusted for age and gender, beta = -0.17, p = 0.03). Weight loss was related to testosterone in men (8.6 vs 12.1 pg/ml in no losers; p = 0.03), and in women with GDS (13.0% with depression vs 3.3% with no depression; p = 0.05) and MMSE (22.2% with cognitive deterioration vs 4.8% with no cognitive deterioration; p = 0.049). Barthel decrease was associated with testosterone (p = 0.02, after adjusting for age and gender, beta = -0.520, p < 0.001), and SHBG (p < 0.01, adjusted for age and gender, beta = 0.18, p < 0.01). DHEA was associated with deterioration in the MMSE (p = 0.01, after adjusting for age, gender, GDS scale and academic status, beta = -0.26, p = 0.01). Frailty development was related only in men with testosterone levels at the beginning of the study (p = 0.017). ER22/23EK was found in 3% of the subjects and carriers had a lower prevalence of hypertension. Adrenal and gonadal steroids are associated to impairment of the ageing health condition in elderly individuals living independently in Spain. ER22/23EK polymorphism of the GC-R gene has a low prevalence in our population.