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. 2008;35(3):194-204.
doi: 10.1159/000128968. Epub 2008 May 16.

Immune Modulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Francesco Bifari  1 , Veronica Lisi, Elda Mimiola, Annalisa Pasini, Mauro Krampera
Affiliations

Immune Modulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Francesco Bifari et al. Transfus Med Hemother. 2008.

Abstract
in English, German

SUMMARY: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their stromal progeny may be considered powerful regulatory cells, a sort of dendritic cell counterpart, which influence all the main immune effectors and functional roles in vivo, as well as potential applications in the treatment of a number of human immunological diseases. By choosing MSC tissue origin, cell dose, administration route, and treatment schedule, all the potential side effects related to MSC use, including tumor growth enhancement, have to be well considered to maximize the benefits of MSC-depen-dent immune regulation without significant risks for the patients.

Zusammenfassung: Mesenchymale Stammzellen (MSC) sowie davon abstammende Stromazellen können als leistungsstarke regulatorische Zellen (eine Art Gegenstück zu den dendritischen Zellen) betrachtet werden, die in vivo Auswirkungen auf die wichtigsten Immuneffektoren und Funktionen haben sowie die potentielle Anwendung in der Behandlung einer Reihe von immunologischen Erkrankungen beim Menschen beeinflussen. Bei der Auswahl des MSC-Ursprungsgewebes, der Zelldosis, der Art der Verabreichung sowie des Behandlungsplans müssen alle potentiellen Nebenwirkungen einer MSC-Gabe (inklusive Förderung des Tumorwachstums) gut bedacht werden, um die MSC-abhängige Immunregulierung ohne maßgebliche Risiken für die Patienten maximal nutzen zu können.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Regulatory effect of MSCs on immune effector cells. (A) MSCs delay maturation of monocytes and dendritic cell (DC) precursors, decrease TNF-α and IL-12 secretion by DCs type 1 (DC1), thus inhibiting T-helper cell type 1 (Thl), and increase IL10 secretion by endo-toxin-stimulated DCs type 2 (DC2), thus increasing regulatory T cells. (B) MSCs inhibit the development of cy-totoxic T cells and their IFN-γ production. (C) MSCs decrease proliferation and immuno-globulin secretion by B cells. (D) MSCs decrease cytotoxycity and IFN-γ production by NK cells. (E) MSCs decrease IFN-γ secretion by Thl and increase IL-4 secretion by Th2. Several factors produced by MSCs have been suggested to inhibit immune effector cells, such as indoleamine 2.3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, HLA-G5, nitric oxide (NO), and heme oxygenase-1 (OH-1). (F) Cell-cell contact: the absence of co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, may contribute to the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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