Atypical mole syndrome and dysplastic nevi: identification of populations at risk for developing melanoma - review article

Abstract

Atypical Mole Syndrome is the most important phenotypic risk factor for developing cutaneous melanoma, a malignancy that accounts for about 80% of deaths from skin cancer. Because the diagnosis of melanoma at an early stage is of great prognostic relevance, the identification of Atypical Mole Syndrome carriers is essential, as well as the creation of recommended preventative measures that must be taken by these patients.

Figure 1

Macroscopic image of two melanocytic lesions whose characteristics are superimposed by the ABCD rule (asymmetry, irregular borders, varied coloration, diameter greater than 6 mm): Left - dysplastic nevus; Right – cutaneous melanoma.

Figure 2

Body mapping of a male patient, 34 years of age, 256 nevi selected for follow-up. Presents 3 criteria for AMS: more than 100 nevi, presence of more than 2 clinically dysplastic nevi and nevi on the buttocks.

Figure 3

Kraemer and Rigel Classifications.

Figure 4

Histopathologic exam of atypical nevus showing focal atypia of melanocytes, fusion of epithelial cones and concentric lamellar fibrosis. Optical microscopy image with high magnification (40X).

Figure 5

Digital dermoscopy (20X) of melanocytic lesions that have similar dermatoscopic appearance (A ∼ B; C ∼ D): A) compound melanocytic nevus; B) dysplastic nevus; C) dysplastic junctional nevus with severe atypia, D) thin melanoma.