Fractures and dislocations of the elbow: a return to the basics

Abstract

Elbow instability is classified as simple or complex. Complex elbow instability, an elbow dislocation with associated fractures, had historically poor outcomes. Most complex elbow dislocations render the elbow unstable, necessitating surgical treatment. The primary goal of surgery is to restore sufficient stability to the critical anatomy to initiate early range of motion, which has been shown to be a key factor for a successful outcome. Recent literature has improved the understanding of elbow anatomy, biomechanics, and the pathoanatomy of complex instability, thereby allowing the development of systematic approaches for treatment and rehabilitation. These advances in knowledge combined with improved implants and surgical techniques have translated into better outcomes for patients with simple and complex elbow instability.