Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus interact with age and dietary intake of fat to determine serum adiponectin in subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background: Adiponectin gene expression is modulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which is a transcription factor activated by unsaturated fatty acids.

Objective: We investigated the effect of the interaction between variants at the ADIPOQ gene locus, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and the replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or carbohydrates on serum adiponectin concentrations.

Design: The RISCK (Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, and Kings) study is a parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured after a 4-wk high-SFA (HS) diet and a 24-wk intervention with reference (HS), high-MUFA (HM), and low-fat (LF) diets. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ locus -11391 G/A (rs17300539), -10066 G/A (rs182052), -7734 A/C (rs16861209), and +276 G/T (rs1501299) were genotyped in 448 participants.

Results: In white Europeans, +276 T was associated with higher serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 340; P = 0.006) and -10066 A was associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 360; P = 0.03), after adjustment for age, BMI, and sex. After the HM diet, -10066 G/G subjects showed a 3.8% increase (95% CI: -0.1%, 7.7%) and G/A+A/A subjects a 2.6% decrease (95% CI: -5.6%, 0.4%) in serum adiponectin (P = 0.006 for difference after adjustment for the change in BMI, age, and sex). In -10066 G/G homozygotes, serum adiponectin increased with age after the HM diet and decreased after the LF diet.

Conclusion: In white -10066 G/G homozygotes, an HM diet may help to increase adiponectin concentrations with advancing age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN29111298.

FIGURE 1.

Effect of high–monounsaturated fatty acid (HM) and low-fat (LF) diets on adiponectin concentrations with respect to −10066 G/A genotype and age in white subjects. Percentage changes (95% CI) in geometric mean adiponectin concentration adjusted for change in BMI and sex are shown in each age group after subjects consumed an HM (n = 151) or LF (n = 152) diet. A: −10066 G/G (HM-GG and LF-GG) subjects (n = 111). B: −10066 G/A+A/A (HM-G/A+A/A and LF-G/A+A/A) subjects (n = 192). (See supplemental Table 2 under “Supplemental data” in the online issue for the numbers of subjects in each mean.) The interaction between gene × age × diet in the determination of changes in serum adiponectin concentrations as determined by ANCOVA was not significant after adjustment for changes in BMI (n = 303; P = 0.07). *Significant difference in percentage change in serum adiponectin between G/G subjects on HM and LF diets, P = 0.003.