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Meta-Analysis
. 2011 May 11;2011(5):CD004226.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004226.pub3.

Antenatal interventions for fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Rachel Rayment  1 , Susan J Brunskill, Peter W Soothill, David J Roberts, James B Bussel, Michael F Murphy
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Antenatal interventions for fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Rachel Rayment et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from the formation of antibodies by the mother which are directed against a fetal platelet alloantigen inherited from the father. The resulting fetal thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet numbers) may cause bleeding, particularly into the brain, before or shortly after birth. Antenatal treatment of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia includes the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and/or corticosteroids to the mother to prevent severe fetal thrombocytopenia. IVIG and corticosteroids both have short-term and possibly long-term side effects. IVIG is also costly and optimal regimens need to be identified.

Objectives: To determine the optimal antenatal treatment of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia to prevent fetal and neonatal haemorrhage and death.

Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (28 February 2011) and bibliographies of relevant publications and review articles.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled studies comparing any intervention with no treatment, or comparing any two interventions.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted data.

Main results: We included four trials involving 206 people. One trial involving 39 people compared a corticosteroid (prednisone) versus IVIG alone. In this trial, where analysable data were available, there was no statistically significant differences between the treatment arms for predefined outcomes. Three trials involving 167 people compared IVIG plus a corticosteroid (prednisone in two trials and dexamethasone in one trial) versus IVIG alone. In these trials there was no statistically significant difference in the findings between the treatment arms for predefined outcomes (intracranial haemorrhage; platelet count at birth and preterm birth). Lack of complete data sets and important differences in interventions precluded the pooling of data from these trials.

Authors' conclusions: The optimal management of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia remains unclear. Lack of complete data sets for two trials and differences in interventions precluded the pooling of data from these trials which may have enabled a more developed analysis of the trial findings. Further trials would be required to determine optimal treatment (the specific medication and its dose and schedule). Such studies should include long-term follow up of all children and mothers.

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Conflict of interest statement

James Bussel has received unrestricted support of clinical research, including staff, over the past four years from IgG of America. He is an author on several of the studies assessed for inclusion in this review and the author of one of the included studies. James Bussel was not involved in the assessment of his studies for the review.

Figures

1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 1 Fetal/neonatal death.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 2 Platelet count at birth.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 3 Satisfactory response to therapy.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 4 Mean change between pre‐treatment and birth fetal platelet count.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 5 Mean change in fetal platelet count between 1st and 2nd fetal blood sampling.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 1 Intracranial haemorrhage.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 2 Platelet count at birth.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 3 Premature birth.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 4 Satisfactory response to therapy.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 5 Mean change between pre‐treatment and birth fetal platelet count.
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 6 Mean change in fetal platelet count at 2nd from 1st fetal blood sampling.
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 7 Mean change in fetal platelet count at birth from first fetal blood sampling.
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 8 Number of ICHs in previous sibling.
2.9
2.9. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 9 Adverse outcomes associated with FBS.
2.10
2.10. Analysis
Comparison 2 IVIG with a corticosteroid vs IVIG alone, Outcome 10 Adverse events associated with treatment.
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Update of

References

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References to other published versions of this review

Rayment 2005
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