Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comparative Study
. 2012 Jan;109(1):52-6.
doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10283.x. Epub 2011 May 18.

Changing patterns of bladder cancer in the USA: evidence of heterogeneous disease

Yawei Zhang  1 , Cairong Zhu, Maria Paula Curado, Tongzhang Zheng, Peter Boyle
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Changing patterns of bladder cancer in the USA: evidence of heterogeneous disease

Yawei Zhang et al. BJU Int. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: To test the hypothesis that bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease.

Patients and methods: We examined the temporal trends of bladder cancer by histological subtype and by disease stage and grade using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data collected in 1973-2007.

Results: The age-adjusted incidence rates of bladder cancer showed a slight decrease from 1973 to 2007 (annual percentage change [APC] = -0.4, P < 0.05). Although the age-adjusted incidence rates of non-papillary transitional cell carcinoma decreased by about 53% from 7.9 per 100,000 in 1973 to 3.7 per 100,000 in 2007 (APC = -2.2, P < 0.05), the age-adjusted incidence rates of papillary transitional cell carcinoma increased by about 56% from 6.8 per 100,000 in 1973 to 10.6 per 100,000 in 2007 (APC = 0.5, P < 0.05). Among other rare histological subtypes, except for small cell carcinoma which showed a slightly rising trend, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and others all presented a decreasing trend. Similar patterns were found for different stages (localized, regional and distant), but a dramatic increasing trend of grade IV was found between 1998 and 2007 when a corresponding decreasing trend was shown for grades I, II and III.

Conclusion: The results support the hypothesis that bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease and taking disease heterogeneity into consideration in future epidemiological studies is essential.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of bladder cancer in the USA by gender and race, nine SEER registries, 1973–2007 (A); in men (B); in women (C); by racial groups (D).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Age-adjusted incidence rates of bladder cancer by histological subtypes in the USA, nine SEER registries, 1973–2007. Age-adjusted incidence rates of PTCC and NPTCC (A), of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and others (B), of PTCC by histological grade (C), of NPTCC by histological grade (D).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, et al., editors. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2007. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; Available at http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2007/, based on November 2009 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER website 2010.
    1. Jones PA, Ross RK. Prevention of bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1424–6. - PubMed
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State-specific prevalence and trends in adult cigarette smoking – United States, 1998–2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:221–6. - PubMed
    1. Garfinkel L. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. Prev Med. 1997;26:447–50. - PubMed
    1. Yu MC, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Chan KK, Ross RK. Arylamine exposures and bladder cancer risk. Mutat Res. 2002;506–7:21–8. - PubMed

Publication types