Association of education and occupation with myopia in COMET parents

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate refractive error, especially myopia, in parents of myopic children and its association with education and occupation.

Methods: Six hundred twenty-seven parents (n = 375 mothers and 252 fathers) of the 469 myopic 6- to <12-year-old children enrolled in COMET provided refraction data as well as answered questions about their education and occupation. Eighty-five percent of the refractions were obtained by non-cycloplegic autorefraction (Nidek ARK 700A), and 15% were obtained from the most recent prescription.

Results: The mean age ± SD of the parents was 44.26 ± 5.81 years, and their mean spherical equivalent refraction was -2.34 ± 2.94 D. Parents with higher education (college degree or greater) had significantly more myopia (-2.97 ± 2.98 D) than parents with lower education (-1.72 ± 2.76 D). The odds of being myopic were significantly higher in the higher education group (multivariate odds ratio = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.41 to 3.19). Mean myopia also differed significantly by occupation, with parents in white collar jobs (-2.87 ± 3.10 D) significantly more myopic than those in blue collar jobs (-1.21 ± 2.02 D) by 1.66 D (p < 0.001). The odds of being myopic between the two occupation groups were of borderline significance (multivariate odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.999 to 2.60).

Conclusions: The parents of myopic children participating in a clinical trial of lenses to slow the progression of myopia had a high prevalence of myopia that was associated with their level of education and to a lesser extent with their choice of occupation. To our knowledge, this is the first account of refractive errors, education, and occupation in parents of a large group of myopic children.

Figure 1

Distribution of mean spherical equivalent refractions of (a) mothers and (b) fathers of COMET children.

Figure 2

Mean spherical equivalent refraction by level of education in parents of COMET children. Error bars show standard errors.

Figure 3

Mean spherical equivalent refraction by level of education in mothers and fathers of COMET children. Error bars show standard errors.

Figure 4

Mean spherical equivalent refraction by occupation of parents of COMET children. Error bars show standard errors.

Figure 5

Mean spherical equivalent refraction by occupation (white collar, blue collar, and other) of mothers and fathers of COMET children. Error bars show standard errors. A bar is not included for fathers in the other category due to small numbers.

Figure 6

(A) Occupation distribution for mothers and fathers with some college degree or less education. (B) Occupation distribution for mothers and fathers with more education.