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Review
. 2011 May;40(3):248-55.
doi: 10.1007/s13280-011-0147-3.

Habitat loss, the dynamics of biodiversity, and a perspective on conservation

Ilkka Hanski  1
Affiliations
Review

Habitat loss, the dynamics of biodiversity, and a perspective on conservation

Ilkka Hanski. Ambio. 2011 May.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a Metapopulation size of the Glanville fritillary Melitaea cinxia as a function of the metapopulation capacity (λM) in 25 habitat patch networks in the Åland Islands in Finland (these networks represent different parts of the entire 4,000-meadow network). Metapopulation capacity measures the amount of habitat and the level of fragmentation in the network (more habitat and less fragmented to the right). The vertical axis gives the size of the metapopulation based on a survey of habitat occupancy in 1 year. The empirical data have been fitted by a spatially realistic metapopulation model. The result provides a clear-cut example of the extinction threshold (from Hanski and Ovaskainen 2000). b Incidences of occupancy in forest specialist non-volant small mammal species in fragmented landscapes in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Data were obtained from three landscapes each ca. 100 km2 in area but with dissimilar forest cover (10, 30, and 50%) and from continuous forests (100%). Small mammals were sampled at 15 to 20 sites per landscape, widely scattered across the three fragmented landscapes and the continuous forest. The broken lines indicate that the incidence reaches zero between two levels of fragmentation that were sampled. The data are from Table S2 in Pardini et al. (2010). I have excluded three species with higher incidences in the fragments in the most fragmented landscape (10% forest cover) than in continuous forest (Gracilinnaus microtarsus, Juliomys spp. and Micoureus paraguayanus) on the assumption that these species are not affected by forest fragmentation (R. Pardini, personal communication)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Life-time production of pre-diapause larvae by Glanville fritillary females from the Åland Islands and from an old (>75 years), small (around 100 reproducing females) and completely isolated population on the island of Pikku Tytärsaari in the middle of the Gulf of Finland. The results were obtained in an experiment conducted under common garden conditions in the laboratory. Note that the fitness of females from Pikku Tytärsaari is much smaller than that of females from the large metapopulation in the Åland Islands, and in the former population one generation of full sib mating has a less adverse effect than in the metapopulation in the Åland Islands, apparently because all individuals in Pikku Tytärsaari are closely related
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References

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