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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2012 Jan;219(1):15-24.
doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2374-5. Epub 2011 Jun 7.

Psychoactive drugs and false memory: comparison of dextroamphetamine and δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on false recognition

Michael E Ballard  1 , David A Gallo, Harriet de Wit
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Psychoactive drugs and false memory: comparison of dextroamphetamine and δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on false recognition

Michael E Ballard et al. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Rationale: Several psychoactive drugs are known to influence episodic memory. However, these drugs' effects on false memory, or the tendency to incorrectly remember nonstudied information, remain poorly understood.

Objectives: Here, we examined the effects of two commonly used psychoactive drugs, one with memory-enhancing properties (dextroamphetamine; AMP), and another with memory-impairing properties (Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; THC), on false memory using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) illusion.

Methods: Two parallel studies were conducted in which healthy volunteers received either AMP (0, 10, and 20 mg) or THC (0, 7.5, and 15 mg) in within-subjects, randomized, double-blind designs. Participants studied DRM word lists under the influence of the drugs, and their recognition memory for the studied words was tested 2 days later, under sober conditions.

Results: As expected, AMP increased memory of studied words relative to placebo, and THC reduced memory of studied words. Although neither drug significantly affected false memory relative to placebo, AMP increased false memory relative to THC. Across participants, both drugs' effects on true memory were positively correlated with their effects on false memory.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that AMP and THC have opposing effects on true memory, and these effects appear to correspond to similar, albeit more subtle, effects on false memory. These findings are consistent with previous research using the DRM illusion and provide further evidence that psychoactive drugs can affect the encoding processes that ultimately result in the creation of false memories.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effects of AMP and THC on true memory. *p<0.05; significant main effect of drug type. #p<0.05 compared to respective placebo condition; one-tailed t test
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effects of AMP and THC on false memory. *p<0.05; significant main effect of drug type
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Drug-induced changes in true memory were positively correlated with changes in false memory for both AMP and THC
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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