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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2011 Jun 28;105(1):18-21.
doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.205. Epub 2011 Jun 7.

A promoting early presentation intervention increases breast cancer awareness in older women after 2 years: a randomised controlled trial

L J L Forbes  1 , L Linsell, L Atkins, C Burgess, L Tucker, L Omar, A J Ramirez
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A promoting early presentation intervention increases breast cancer awareness in older women after 2 years: a randomised controlled trial

L J L Forbes et al. Br J Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: We have developed the Promoting Early Presentation (PEP) Intervention to equip older women with the knowledge, skills, confidence and motivation to present promptly with breast symptoms, and thereby improve survival from breast cancer. The PEP Intervention consists of a 10-min interaction between a radiographer and an older woman, supported by a booklet. Our previous report showed that at 1 year, the PEP intervention increased the proportion who were breast cancer aware compared with usual care.

Methods: We randomised 867 women aged 67-70 years attending for their final routine appointment on the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme to receive the PEP Intervention, a booklet alone or usual care. The primary outcome was breast cancer awareness measured using a validated questionnaire asking about knowledge of breast cancer symptoms, knowledge that the risk of breast cancer increases with age and breast checking behaviour.

Results: At 2 years, the PEP Intervention increased the proportion who were breast cancer aware compared with usual care (21 vs 6%; odds ratio 8.1, 95% confidence interval 2.7-25.0).

Conclusions: The uniquely large and sustained effect of the PEP Intervention on breast cancer awareness increases the likelihood that a woman will present promptly should she develop breast cancer symptoms up to many years later.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow of participants through trial. †Lost to follow-up: withdrew from the trial, died or moved away without giving forwarding address.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Breast cancer awareness and component items over follow-up.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Austoker J, Bankhead C, Forbes LJL, Atkins L, Martin F, Robb KA, Wardle J, Ramirez AJ (2009) Interventions to promote cancer awareness and early presentation: systematic review. Br J Cancer 101: s31–s39 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Burgess CC, Bish AM, Hunter MS, Salkovskis P, Michell M, Whelehan P, Ramirez AJ (2008) Promoting early presentation of breast cancer: development of a psycho-educational intervention. Chronic Illn 4: 13–27 - PubMed
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    1. Linsell L, Forbes LJL, Burgess C, Kapari M, Omar L, Tucker L, Ramirez A (2009) A randomised controlled trial of an intervention to promote early presentation of breast cancer in older women: effect on breast cancer awareness. Br J Cancer 101: s40–s48 - PMC - PubMed

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