Hemorrhagic complications after systemic thrombolysis in acute stroke patients with abnormal baseline coagulation

Abstract

Background and purpose: As patients with abnormal baseline coagulation were excluded from the large randomized trials, the safety of intravenous thrombolysis after ischaemic stroke in this patient population remains controversial.

Methods: We assessed the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) after systemic thrombolysis in patients with elevated baseline international normalized ratios (INRs) (≥1.3) or activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) (>37 s) using a prospectively recorded database from 2006 to 2010. An intracerebral hemorrhage leading to a deterioration of ≥4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) was classified as symptomatic.

Results: Amongst 688 patients (mean age, 72 years; median NIHSS, 11, median onset-to-treatment time, 135 min), 36 patients (5%) had an abnormal baseline coagulation. Twenty-nine of these patients had taken oral anticoagulants leading to elevated baseline INRs (median INR: 1.5; IQR 1.4-1.9), whereas seven patients had elevated aPTTs because of heparin therapy (n = 2), a coagulation disorder (n = 2), or for unknown reasons (n = 3). The rate of SICH did not differ significantly between patients with abnormal and normal baseline coagulation (4.4% vs. 0%; P = 0.6). Moreover, the in-hospital mortality was not significantly different between both treatment groups (8.3% in patients with abnormal baseline coagulation vs. 8.7% in patients with normal baseline coagulation, P = 1.0).

Conclusions: The risk of SICH following intravenous thrombolysis after ischaemic stroke does not appear to be increased in patients with abnormal baseline coagulation.