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. 2011;12(3):1888-907.
doi: 10.3390/ijms12031888. Epub 2011 Mar 16.

Differential responses to blood pressure and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of antioxidant (honey) treatment

Omotayo O Erejuwa  1 , Siti A Sulaiman, Mohd Suhaimi Ab Wahab, Kuttulebbai N S Sirajudeen, Md Salzihan Md Salleh, Sunil Gurtu
Affiliations

Differential responses to blood pressure and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of antioxidant (honey) treatment

Omotayo O Erejuwa et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2011.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and/or complications of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. A combination of these disorders increases the risk of developing cardiovascular events. This study investigated the effects of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; ip)-induced diabetes on blood pressure, oxidative stress and effects of honey on these parameters in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Diabetic WKY and SHR were randomized into four groups and received distilled water (0.5 mL) and honey (1.0 g/kg) orally once daily for three weeks. Control SHR had reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant status (TAS). SBP, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were elevated while TAS was reduced in diabetic WKY. In contrast, SBP, TAS, activities of GPx and GR were reduced in diabetic SHR. Antioxidant (honey) treatment further reduced SBP in diabetic SHR but not in diabetic WKY. It also increased TAS, GSH, reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, activities of GPx and GR in diabetic SHR. These data suggest that differences in types, severity, and complications of diseases as well as strains may influence responses to blood pressure and oxidative stress.

Keywords: antioxidant enzymes; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; kidney; oxidative stress; spontaneously hypertensive rats; streptozotocin; tualang honey.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Effect of honey on systolic blood pressure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus C-WKY; ‡p < 0.05 versus C-SHR; §§p < 0.01 versus D-SHR.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Effect of honey on fasting blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. *** p < 0.001 versus C-WKY; † p < 0.05 versus D-WKY; ‡‡ p < 0.01 versus C-SHR.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Effect of honey on change in body weight of streptozotocin-induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. ** p < 0.01 versus C-WKY; ‡‡‡ p < 0.001 versus C-SHR.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Effect of honey on catalase activity in kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. * p < 0.05 versus C-WKY; ‡ p < 0.05 versus C-SHR.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Effect of honey on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. * p < 0.05 versus C-WKY; † p < 0.05 versus D-WKY; ‡ p < 0.05 versus C-SHR; §p < 0.05 versus D-SHR.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Effect of honey on glutathione reductase (GR) activity in kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. † p < 0.05 versus D-WKY; ‡ p < 0.05 versus C-SHR; §p < 0.05 versus D-SHR.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Effect of honey on total antioxidant status (TAS) in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus C-WKY; ‡‡‡ p < 0.001 versus C-SHR; §§p < 0.01 versus D-SHR.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Effect of honey on malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. ** p < 0.01 versus C-WKY.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Effect of honey on reduced glutathione (GSH) in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. §§p < 0.01 versus D-SHR.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Effect of honey on GSH/GSSG in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic WKY and SHR. Each group consisted of five to seven animals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; C-WKY, control WKY; C-SHR, control SHR; D-WKY, diabetic WKY; D-SHR, diabetic SHR; DH-WKY, diabetic WKY + honey; DH-SHR, diabetic SHR + honey. † p < 0.05 versus D-WKY; §p < 0.05 versus D-SHR.
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