Surgical treatment for infective endocarditis in elderly patients

Abstract

Objectives: We evaluate the clinical, echographic and prognostic characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in a large population of elderly patients, and the results of surgical approach.

Methods: Multicentric, prospective, observational cohort study with 961 consecutive left-sided IE: 356 patients aged ≥65 years were compared with 605 younger. Indications for cardiac surgery, potential surgical risk, time and outcome, were compared.

Results: Hospital-acquired endocarditis, comorbidity, renal failure and septic shock were more frequent in elderly, but embolisms were less. Intracardiac destruction and ventricular failure were similar in both groups, but significantly fewer elderly patients underwent cardiac surgery (36% vs 51%; p < 0.01), and this group showed a worse outcome (43.2% of mortality vs 27% in younger; p < 0.01), resulting age as an independent predictor of mortality (OR: 1.02 CI95%: 1.01-1.03). Compared with medical treatment, surgery showed lower percentages of mortality compared with medical treatment (23.3% vs 31.3%; p = 0.03) in younger group, but a high mortality was observed with both procedures (47.6% vs 40.3%; p = 0.1) in the elderly.

Conclusions: Although similar percentages of heart failure and intracardiac complications, increasing age is associated with higher mortality in IE. Lower rates of surgical treatment and a worse outcome after operation are common features in elderly patients.