The impact of disease distribution on survival in patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer cytoreduced to microscopic residual: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study

Abstract

Objective: To assess the survival impact of initial disease distribution on patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cytoreduced to microscopic residual.

Methods: We reviewed data from 417 stage III EOC patients cytoreduced to microscopic disease and given adjuvant intravenous platinum/paclitaxel on one of three randomized Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trials. We subdivided patients into three groups based on preoperative disease burden: (1) minimal disease (MD) defined by pelvic tumor and retroperitoneal metastasis (2) abdominal peritoneal disease (APD) with disease limited to the pelvis, retroperitoneum, lower abdomen and omentum; and (3) upper abdominal disease (UAD) with disease affecting the diaphragm, spleen, liver or pancreas. We assessed the survival impact of potential prognostic factors, focusing on initial disease distribution using a proportional hazards model and estimated Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Results: The study groups had similar clinicopathologic characteristics. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in MD patients compared to 80 and 56 months in the APD and UAD groups (P<0.05). The five-year survival percentages for MD, APD, and UAD were 67%, 63%, and 45%. In multivariate analysis, the UAD group had a significantly worse prognosis than MD and APD both individually and combined (Progression Free Survival (PFS) Hazards Ratio (HR) 1.44; P=0.008 and OS HR 1.77; P=0.0004 compared to MD+APD).

Conclusion: Stage III EOC patients with initial disease in the upper abdomen have a worse prognosis despite cytoreductive surgery to microscopic residual implying that factors beyond cytoreductive effort are important in predicting survival.

Fig. 1

Kaplan–Meier estimate of progression free survival (PFS).

Fig. 2

Kaplan–Meier estimate of overall survival (OS).