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Review
. 2011 Apr;8(4):1150-73.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph8041150. Epub 2011 Apr 15.

The public health impact of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California

Richard F Hector  1 , George W Rutherford, Clarisse A Tsang, Laura M Erhart, Orion McCotter, Shoana M Anderson, Kenneth Komatsu, Farzaneh Tabnak, Duc J Vugia, Ying Yang, John N Galgiani
Affiliations
Review

The public health impact of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California

Richard F Hector et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Apr.

Abstract

The numbers of reported cases of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California have risen dramatically over the past decade, with a 97.8% and 91.1% increase in incidence rates from 2001 to 2006 in the two states, respectively. Of those cases with reported race/ethnicity information, Black/African Americans in Arizona and Hispanics and African/Americans in California experienced a disproportionately higher frequency of disease compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Lack of early diagnosis continues to be a problem, particularly in suspect community-acquired pneumonia, underscoring the need for more rapid and sensitive tests. Similarly, the inability of currently available therapeutics to reduce the duration and morbidity of this disease underscores the need for improved therapeutics and a preventive vaccine.

Keywords: azoles; coccidioidomycosis; community-acquired pneumonia; diagnostics; vaccine.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Rates of reported coccidioidomycosis cases in Arizona, 1990–2009.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Rates of reported coccidioidomycosis cases by age group in Arizona, 2001–2009.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Coccidioidomycosis incidence cases and incidence rates in California, 2001–2009.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Coccidioidomycosis incidence rates by age-group in California, 2001–2009.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Coccidioidomycosis incidence cases and population by reported race/ethnicity in California, 2001–2009.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Coccidioidomycosis incidence cases and population by reported race/ethnicity in California Coccidioides-endemic areas (Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, San Luis Obispo, and Tulare), 2001–2009.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Coccidioidomycosis first hospitalization cases and rates in California, 2001–2008.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Coccidioidomycosis incidence and first hospitalization rates and percent hospitalization in California, 2001–2008.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Coccidioidomycosis county-specific incidence rate ranges, California, 2001–2009.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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