Utility of prepuncture ultrasound for localization of the thoracic epidural space

Abstract

Background: Ultrasound has been shown to facilitate accurate identification of the intervertebral level and to predict skin-to-epidural depth in the lumbar epidural space with reliable precision. We hypothesized that we could accurately predict the skin-to-epidural depth and the intervertebral level in the thoracic spine with the use of ultrasound.

Methods: Twenty patients presenting for thoracic surgery were included in a feasibility study. The skin-to-epidural depth was measured using prepuncture ultrasound in the paramedian window, and the predicted depth was compared with the actual needle depth and the depth as measured by computed tomography. In addition, the intervertebral levels were identified by ultrasound using the "counting up" method, and the results were compared with the levels identified by anesthesiologists.

Results: The ultrasound-based depth measurements displayed a bias of 3.21 mm with 95% limits of agreement from -7.47 to 13.9 mm compared with the clinically determined needle depth. The intervertebral levels identified by the anesthesiologists and the sonographer matched in only 40% of cases.

Conclusion: Ultrasound-based measurements of skin-to-epidural depth show acceptable agreement with the actual depth observed during epidural catheterization; however, the limits of agreement are wide, which restricts the predictive value of ultrasound-based measurements. Further study is required to delineate the role of ultrasound in thoracic epidural catheterizations.