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Comparative Study
. 2011 Jul;50(7):681-686.e3.
doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.020. Epub 2011 Jun 11.

Childhood onset schizophrenia: high rate of visual hallucinations

Christopher N David  1 , Deanna Greenstein, Liv Clasen, Pete Gochman, Rachel Miller, Julia W Tossell, Anand A Mattai, Nitin Gogtay, Judith L Rapoport
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Childhood onset schizophrenia: high rate of visual hallucinations

Christopher N David et al. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: To document high rates and clinical correlates of nonauditory hallucinations in childhood onset schizophrenia (COS).

Method: Within a sample of 117 pediatric patients (mean age 13.6 years), diagnosed with COS, the presence of auditory, visual, somatic/tactile, and olfactory hallucinations was examined using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). We also compared hallucination modality membership (presence/absence) groups on gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, age of onset (of psychosis), Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, and clinical severity (Children's Global Assessment Scale [CGAS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [SANS]).

Results: A total of 111 COS patients (94.9%) had auditory and 94 patients (80.3%) had visual hallucinations. Somatic/tactile (60.7%) and olfactory (29.9%) hallucinations occurred almost exclusively in patients who also had visual hallucinations. Children who had visual hallucinations had lower IQ, earlier age of onset, and more severe illness relative to children who did not have visual hallucinations.

Conclusions: In this study, we observed that patients with COS have high rates of hallucinations across all modalities. An increased rate of visual hallucinations is associated with greater clinical impairment and greater compromise in overall brain functioning. Somatic and olfactory hallucinations reflect an additive rather than alternative symptom pattern.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Drs. Greenstein, Clasen, Miller, Tossell, Mattai, Gogtay, and Rapoport, and Mr. David, and Mr. Gochman report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hallucination Modalities in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Childhood Onset Schizophrenia (COS) Cohort
Figure 2
Figure 2
Verbal IQ in relation to Visual and additional modalities for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Childhood Onset Schizophrenia (COS) Cohort
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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