Experience with combination of cisplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 54 patients (stage IIB: 6, stage III: 24, stage IVA-B: 24) with locoregionally advanced NPC were treated with cisplatin 25 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1-3, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) of 30-min intravenous infusion on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks for two cycles as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Two cycles of the same regimen were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy 28 days after the end of radiotherapy. The prescription doses were 66-70.4 Gy to the gross tumor volume (GTV), 66 Gy to positive neck nodes, 60 Gy to the high-risk clinical target volume and 54 Gy to the low-risk clinical target volume. The overall response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 88.6%. Toxicity was mainly grade 1/2 myelosuppression. All patients completed IMRT. The median follow-up duration was 30 months (range, 12-60 months). The 3-year locoregional control, metastasis-free rate and overall survival were 94.9%, 86.2% and 87.7%, respectively. Severe late toxicities included grade 3 trismus in one patient, grade 3 hearing impairment in one patient and cranial nerve XII palsy in one patient. No grade 4 late toxicities were observed. A combination of cisplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced NPC is well-tolerated, convenient, effective and warrants further studies.