Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its outcomes in Jammu region

Abstract

Introduction: The present study seeks to evaluate the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from Jammu region.

Methods: During the period of study, women at 24th to 28th week of gestation were investigated for the presence of GDM according to Diabetes In Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines. The maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded and compared with (a) non-diabetic control group and (b) non-interventional untreated GDM group.

Results: The overall prevalence of GDM was found to be 6.94%. In the untreated group, family history of diabetes was 24.19%, caesarean section 22.58% and preterm delivery 16.13%, whereas the prevalence of macrosomia was 16.2% and shoulder dystocia 6.45%. These figures were found to be significantly higher when compared to the data obtained from the treated GDM group which was as follows: caesarean section 8.5%, preterm delivery 4.2%, macrosomia 10% and shoulder dystocia 1.2%.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of screening for GDM and timely optimum intervention for a significant positive effect on both maternal as well as foetal outcomes in pregnancy. This also builds a strong case for adherence to DIPSI guidelines in diagnosis and management of GDM.