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. 2011;6(7):e21723.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021723. Epub 2011 Jul 8.

Effects of triazole derivatives on strigolactone levels and growth retardation in rice

Shinsaku Ito  1 , Mikihisa Umehara, Atsushi Hanada, Nobutaka Kitahata, Hiroki Hayase, Shinjiro Yamaguchi, Tadao Asami
Affiliations

Effects of triazole derivatives on strigolactone levels and growth retardation in rice

Shinsaku Ito et al. PLoS One. 2011.

Abstract

We previously discovered a lead compound for strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis inhibitors, TIS13 (2,2-dimethyl-7-phenoxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)heptan-3-ol). Here, we carried out a structure-activity relationship study of TIS13 to discover more potent and specific SL biosynthesis inhibitor because TIS13 has a severe side effect at high concentrations, including retardation of the growth of rice seedlings. TIS108, a new TIS13 derivative, was found to be a more specific SL biosynthesis inhibitor than TIS13. Treatment of rice seedlings with TIS108 reduced SL levels in both roots and root exudates in a concentration-dependent manner and did not reduce plant height. In addition, root exudates of TIS108-treated rice seedlings stimulated Striga germination less than those of control plants. These results suggest that TIS108 has a potential to be applied in the control of root parasitic weeds germination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Syntheses of designed chemicals.
(A) Br2, AlCl3, ether; (B) 1,2,4-triazole, K2CO3, acetone; (C) R2X, 60% NaH, DMF, reflux; (D) NaBH4, MeOH.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Effect of chemicals on 2-week-old rice seedlings.
(A) epi-5DS levels in root exudates of 1 µM chemical-treated rice seedlings determined by LC-MS/MS. The data are means ± SD of three samples. (B) The length of 2nd leaf sheath in 10 µM chemical-treated rice. The data are means ± SD of six samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3. A comparison of the effects caused by TIS13 and TIS108 treatment.
(A) Chemical structures of strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitors. (B) epi-5DS levels in root exudates of chemical-treated rice seedlings determined by LC-MS/MS. The data are means ± SD of three samples. (C) The length of 2nd leaf sheath in 10 µM chemical-treated rice. The data are means ± SD of six samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Effects of TIS108 on 2-week-old rice seedlings.
(A) epi-5DS levels in roots and root exudates of TIS108-treated rice seedlings determined by LC-MS/MS. (B) Germination stimulant levels in culture media of 1 µM TIS108-treated rice seedlings using Striga seeds. DW, distilled water; GR24, 1 µM GR24; control, non-treated rice culture media; TIS108, culture media of 1 µM TIS108-treated rice; TIS108+GR24, culture media coincubated with 1 µM GR24 and 1 µM TIS108. The data are means ± SD of three samples.
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