High-dose cisplatin and mitomycin C in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study of the Northern California Oncology Group

Abstract

To investigate chemotherapeutic dose intensity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we evaluated a pharmacokinetically designed schedule of high-dose cisplatin (200 mg/m2 per 28-day cycle) plus mitomycin C. Between March 1987 and March 1989, 62 patients were registered for a phase II study of the Northern California Oncology Group (NCOG). The treatment schedule consisted of cisplatin in hypertonic saline given on a divided days 1 and 8 schedule (100 mg/m2 on each day) plus mitomycin C given at a dose of 8 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle. In 61 patients evaluable for response analysis, the overall response rate was 39% (24/61), with a complete response being achieved in 6% (4/61) of cases and a partial response, in 33% (20/61). The response according to reviewed histologic subtype included squamous, 53% of patients (10/19); large cell, 31% (4/13); and adenocarcinoma, 34% (10/29). The median survival for all patients was 29.3 weeks. The mean cisplatin and mitomycin C delivered dose intensities in this study were 45 mg/m2 per week (90% of the projected dose) and 1.5 mg/m2 per week (75%). The toxicity of this combination regimen in the 62 enrolled patients was significant but manageable. Leukopenia (WBC, less than 1,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (platelets, less than 25,000/mm3) occurred in 3% and 8% of patients treated, respectively. Dose-limiting renal toxicity and clinically significant ototoxicity developed in 8 patients each (13%), and a peripheral sensory neuropathy was observed in 17 cases (27%). Whether this type of dose-intensive therapy results in an improved therapeutic index in NSCLC is currently being evaluated in a randomized comparative trial versus standard-dose cisplatin therapy.