Minimally invasive orthopedic surgery: arthroscopy

Abstract

Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive alternative to standard open surgical techniques and now the most commonly performed orthopedic surgical procedure, was one of the greatest advances in orthopedic surgery of the 20(th) century. Minimally invasive surgeries result in less postoperative swelling than open techniques and reduce pain, risk of complications, and recovery times. Arthroscopy has evolved from a diagnostic tool to a therapeutic tool capable of treating a wide range of injuries and disorders. Many injuries, particularly those that at one time would have been career ending for athletes, can now be addressed with arthroscopy allowing a quicker return to full function. While arthroscopy has resulted in an overall decrease in morbidity compared with open techniques, it is still an invasive procedure and inherently involves risks. Almost all arthroscopic procedures can be performed in an outpatient setting. In 1999, 211 arthroscopic procedures were performed at Ochsner.

Figure 1.

Dr. Lock Ochsner performs a knee arthroscopy

Figure 2a. Knee arthroscopy demonstrating degenerative meniscus tear

Figure 2b. Partial meniscectomy

Figure 2c. Postmeniscectomy

Figure 3.

Drilling osteochondral defect to stimulate fibrocartilaginous healing

Figure 4.

Knee arthroscopy demonstrating loose body

Figure 5a. Noninvasive ankle distraction system allowing improved access in ankle arthroscopy

Figure 5b. Ankle arthroscopy using noninvasive ankle distractor

Figure 5c. Ankle arthroscopy demonstrating talar osteochondral defect

Figure 6.

Ankle arthroscopy demonstrating osteochondral loose body

Dr. Treuting is a member of Ochsner's Department of Orthopedic Surgery