Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Apr;2(2):74-9.
doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.81895.

Toxicological screening

S Parasuraman  1
Affiliations

Toxicological screening

S Parasuraman. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2011 Apr.

Abstract

Toxicity testing of new compounds is essential for drug development process. The preclinical toxicity testing on various biological systems reveals the species-, organ- and dose- specific toxic effects of an investigational product. The toxicity of substances can be observed by (a) studying the accidental exposures to a substance (b) in vitro studies using cells/ cell lines (c) in vivo exposure on experimental animals. This review mainly focuses on the various experimental animal models and methods used for toxicity testing of substances. The pre-clinical toxicity testing helps to calculate "No Observed Adverse Effect Level" which is needed to initiate the clinical evaluation of investigational products.

Keywords: No Observed Adverse Effect Level; Toxicity; rodents.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared

References

    1. Setzer RW, Kimmel CA. Use of NOAEL, benchmark dose, and other models for human risk assessment of hormonally active substances. Pure Appl Chem. 2003;75:2151–8.
    1. Hunter P. A toxic brew we cannot live without.Micronutrients give insights into the interplay between geochemistry and evolutionary biology. EMBO Rep. 2008;9:15–8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gregory Cope W. Exposure classes, toxicants in air, water, soil, domestic and occupational settings. In: Hodgson E, editor. A textbook of modern toxicology. 3rd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 2004.
    1. Schedule Y. [Last accessed on 2010 Jan 02]. Available from: http://cdsco.nic.in/html/schedule-y%20%28amended%20version-2005%29%20ori...
    1. Stallard N, Whitehead A. Reducing animal numbers in the fixed-dose procedure. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1995;14:315–23. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources