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. 2010;2(3):e2010034.
doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2010.034. Epub 2010 Nov 11.

HIV Infection, Antiretroviral Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk

Katleen de Gaetano Donati  1 , Roberto Cauda, Licia Iacoviello
Affiliations

HIV Infection, Antiretroviral Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk

Katleen de Gaetano Donati et al. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2010.

Abstract

In the last 15 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has determined a dramatic reduction of both morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects, transforming this infection in a chronic and manageable disease. Patients surviving with HIV in the developed world, in larger number men, are becoming aged. As it would be expected for a population of comparable age, many HIV-infected individuals report a family history of cardiovascular disease, a small proportion have already experienced a cardiovascular event and an increasing proportion has diabetes mellitus. Smoking rate is very high while an increasing proportion of HIV-infected individuals have dyslipidaemia. Studies suggest that these traditional risk factors could play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease in these patients as they do in the general population. Thus, whilst the predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk remains relatively low at present, it will likely increase in relation to the progressive aging of this patient population. Thus, the long-term follow-up of HIV infected patients has to include co-morbidity management such as cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Two intriguing aspects related to the cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV infection are the matter of current investigation: 1) while these subjects share many cardiovascular risk factors with the general population, HIV infection itself increases cardiovascular risk; 2) some HAART regimens too influence atherosclerotic profile, partly due to lipid changes. Although the mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected patients remain to be fully elucidated, treatment guidelines recommending interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in these individuals are already available; however, their application is still limited.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Cardiovascular risk in HIV-positive subjects can be attributed to host genetics, traditional risk factors, adverse effects from antiretroviral therapy or the inflammatory state associated with HIV itself.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
“Cardiovascular risk factors” AND “HIV” OR “antiretroviral therapy” citations in PubMED from 1986 until July 2010.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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