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. 2011 Aug;17(8):BR209-215.
doi: 10.12659/msm.881899.

The effects of in vivo and ex vivo various degrees of cold exposure on erythrocyte deformability and aggregation

Gülten Erken  1 , Haydar Ali Erken, Melek Bor-Kucukatay, Vural Kucukatay, Osman Genc
Affiliations

The effects of in vivo and ex vivo various degrees of cold exposure on erythrocyte deformability and aggregation

Gülten Erken et al. Med Sci Monit. 2011 Aug.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate alterations in hemorheology by cold exposure, in vivo and ex vivo, and to determine their relationship to oxidative stress.

Material/methods: Rats were divided into 2 in vivo and ex vivo cold exposure groups. The in vivo group was further divided into control (AR), AC (4°C, 2 hours) and ALTC (4°C, 6 hours) subgroups; and the ex vivo group was divided into control (BR) and BC (4°C, 2 hours) subgroups. Blood samples were used for the determination of erythrocyte deformability, aggregation, and oxidative stress parameters.

Results: Erythrocyte deformability and aggregation were not affected by 2-hour ex vivo cold exposure. While 2 hour in vivo cold exposure reduced erythrocyte deformability, it returned to normal after 6 hours, possibly due the compensation by acute neuroendocrine response. Six hours of cold exposure decreased aggregation index, and might be an adaptive mechanism allowing the continuation of circulation. Aggregation of ex vivo groups was lower compared to in vivo groups. Cold exposure at various temperatures did not cause alterations in plasma total oxidant antioxidant status and oxidative stress index (TOS, TAS, OSI) when considered together.

Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that the alterations observed in hemorheological parameters due to cold exposure are far from being explained by the oxidative stress parameters determined herein.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Red blood cell (RBC) elongation index (EI) values of all groups mesured at 1.69 Pascal (Pa) shear stress. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE. * p<0.05, difference from AR and ALTC groups; # p<0.01, difference from BR and BC groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Amplitude (Amp) of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation values of all groups. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE. * p<0.001, difference from group AR; p<0.05, difference from group AC; # p<0.01, difference from ALTC group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
RBC aggregation index (AI) of all groups. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE. * p<0.05, difference from AR group; p<0.01, difference from group AC; # p<0.001, difference from AC group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
RBC aggregation half time (t1/2) of all groups. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE. * p<0.01, difference from AR and AC groups; # p<0.05, difference from AC group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The total oxidant status of all groups. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE. * p<0.01, difference from AC group; # p<0.001, difference from ALTC group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The total antioxidant status of all groups. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE. * p<0.05, difference from BC and ALTC groups.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The oxidative stres index (OSI) of all groups. AR: Animal at room air, AC: Animal in cold, ALTC: Animal in long term cold, BR: Blood at room air, BC: Blood in cold. Values are expressed as means ±SE.
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