Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Jul 14:2:44.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00044. eCollection 2011.

Endovascular therapy for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis

Marc A Lazzaro  1 , Osama O Zaidat, Nils Mueller-Kronast, Muhammad A Taqi, Douglas Woo
Affiliations

Endovascular therapy for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis

Marc A Lazzaro et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Recent reports have emerged suggesting that multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to abnormal venous outflow from the central nervous system, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). These reports have generated strong interest and controversy over the prospect of a treatable cause of this chronic debilitating disease. This review aims to describe the proposed association between CCSVI and MS, summarize the current data, and discuss the role of endovascular therapy and the need for rigorous randomized clinical trials to evaluate this association and treatment.

Keywords: CCSVI; MS; angioplasty; azygos; jugular; stenosis; stent.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration depicting the predominant veins and sinuses involved in the craniocervical venous outflow. Venous narrowing is depicted at locations of interest in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Adams C. W. (1988). Perivascular iron deposition and other vascular damage in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 51, 260–26510.1136/jnnp.51.4.604-a - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anderson D. W., Ellenberg J. H., Leventhal C. M., Reingold S. C., Rodriguez M., Silberberg D. H. (1992). Revised estimate of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the United States. Ann. Neurol. 31, 333–33610.1002/ana.410310317 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Barnett M. H., Sutton I. (2006). The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a paradigm shift. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 19, 242–24710.1097/01.wco.0000227032.47458.cb - DOI - PubMed
    1. Braun J. P., Tournade A. (1977). Venous drainage in the craniocervical region. Neuroradiology 13, 155–15810.1007/BF00626278 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chou C. H., Chao A. C., Hu H. H. (2002). Ultrasonographic evaluation of vertebral venous valves. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23, 1418–1420 - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources