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. 2010 Sep 23;2(2):e19.
doi: 10.4081/or.2010.e19.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Shahryar Noordin  1 , Masood Umer, Kamran Hafeez, Haq Nawaz
Affiliations

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Shahryar Noordin et al. Orthop Rev (Pavia). .

Abstract

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of anatomical abnormalities of the hip joint in which the femoral head has an abnormal relationship with the acetabulum. Most studies report an incidence of 1 to 34 cases per 1,000 live births and differences could be due to different diagnostic methods and timing of evaluation. Risk factors include first born status, female sex, positive family history, breech presentation and oligohydramnios. Clinical presentations of DDH depend on the age of the child. Newborns present with hip instability, infants have limited hip abduction on examination, and older children and adolescents present with limping, joint pain, and/or osteoarthritis. Repeated, careful examination of all infants from birth and throughout the first year of life until the child begins walking is important to prevent late cases. Provocative testing includes the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers. Other signs, such as shorting of the femur with hips and knees flexed (Galeazzi sign), asymmetry of the thigh or gluteal folds, and discrepancy of leg lengths are potential clues. Treatment depends on age at presentation and outcomes are much better when the child is treated early, particularly during the first six months of life.

Keywords: developmental dysplasia of the hip..

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: the authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pelvis X-Ray (AP view) showing left sided dysplastic hip with femur head lying in the upper outer quadrant and disrupted Shenton's line.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pelvis X-Ray (AP view) showing left sided dysplastic hip with an increased acetabular index.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Treatment algorithm for developmental dysplasia of the hip according to different age groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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