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Comparative Study
. 2012 Mar;82(2):319-25.
doi: 10.2319/021511-112.1. Epub 2011 Aug 9.

Effect of coating on properties of esthetic orthodontic nickel-titanium wires

Masahiro Iijima  1 , Takeshi Muguruma, William Brantley, Han-Cheol Choe, Susumu Nakagaki, Satish B Alapati, Itaru Mizoguchi
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Effect of coating on properties of esthetic orthodontic nickel-titanium wires

Masahiro Iijima et al. Angle Orthod. 2012 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effect of coating on the properties of two esthetic orthodontic nickel-titanium wires.

Materials and methods: Woowa (polymer coating; Dany Harvest) and BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire (metal coating; Dentsply GAC) with cross-section dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches were selected. Noncoated posterior regions of the anterior-coated Woowa and uncoated Sentalloy were used for comparison. Nominal coating compositions were determined by x-ray fluorescence (JSX-3200, JOEL). Cross-sectioned and external surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM; SSX-550, Shimadzu) and an atomic force microscope (SPM-9500J2, Shimadzu). A three-point bending test (12-mm span) was carried out using a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu). Hardness and elastic modulus of external and cross-sectioned surfaces were obtained by nanoindentation (ENT-1100a, Elionix; n = 10).

Results: Coatings on Woowa and BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire contained 41% silver and 14% gold, respectively. The coating thickness on Woowa was approximately 10 µm, and the coating thickness on BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire was much smaller. The surfaces of both coated wires were rougher than the noncoated wires. Woowa showed a higher mean unloading force than the noncoated Woowa, although BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire showed a lower mean unloading force than Sentalloy. While cross-sectional surfaces of all wires had similar hardness and elastic modulus, values for the external surface of Woowa were smaller than for the other wires.

Conclusions: The coating processes for Woowa and BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire influence bending behavior and surface morphology.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs of the external surface of (a) Woowa, (b) noncoated Woowa, (c) BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire, and (d) Sentalloy. Original magnification 1000×. C indicates coating layer; E, epoxy resin; and W, wire.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Three-dimensional images for external surfaces of four wires obtained with atomic force microscope (AFM). (a) Woowa. (b) Noncoated Woowa. (c) BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire. (d), Sentalloy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representative load-deflection curves of four wires. Woowa, continuous line; noncoated Woowa, dashed line; BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire, dashed-dotted line; Sentalloy, dashed double-dotted line.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Representative loading-unloading curves of each wire obtained by nanoindentation testing. (a) Comparison of the external surfaces. (b) Comparison of the cross-sectioned surfaces. Woowa, continuous line; noncoated Woowa, dashed line; BioForce High Aesthetic Archwire, dashed dotted line; Sentalloy, dashed double-dotted line.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mechanical properties at the external surface of each wire obtained by nanoindentation testing.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mechanical properties for cross-sectioned surface of each wire obtained by nanoindentation testing.
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References

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