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. 2010 Jul;2(3):202-12.
doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.68502.

Medical radiation countermeasures for nuclear and radiological emergencies: Current status and future perspectives

Rajesh Arora  1 , Raman Chawla, Rohit Marwah, Vinod Kumar, Rajeev Goel, Preeti Arora, Sarita Jaiswal, Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Affiliations

Medical radiation countermeasures for nuclear and radiological emergencies: Current status and future perspectives

Rajesh Arora et al. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010 Jul.

Abstract

Nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) occurred globally and recent incidences in India are indicating toward the need for comprehensive medical preparedness required both at incident site and hospitals. The enhanced threat attributed toward insurgency is another causative factor of worry. The response capabilities and operational readiness of responders (both health and non-health service providers) in contaminated environment need to be supported by advancement in R & D and technological efforts to develop prophylactics and radiation mitigators. It is essential to develop phase 1 alternatives of such drugs for unseen threats as a part of initial preparedness. At the incident site and hospital level, external decontamination procedures need to be standardized and supported by protective clothing and Shudika kits developed by INMAS. The medical management of exposure requires systematic approach to perform triage, resuscitation and curative care. The internal contamination requires decorporation agents to be administered based on procedural diagnostics. Various key issues pertaining to policy decisions, R & D promotion, community awareness, specialized infrastructure for NREs preparedness has been discussed. The present review is an attempt to provide vital information about the current status of various radiation countermeasures and future perspective(s) ahead.

Keywords: Free radicals; linear energy transfer; radiation countermeasures.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Major hazards of radiation exposure (cascading effects)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Basic strategy for triage and decisions over medical therapies (based on Meteropol grading and lymphocyte counts, combining as a decision tool)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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