Association between muscle mass and disability in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community-dwelling elderly in Japan

Abstract

This study describes the association between low muscle mass and disability in performing IADL in elderly, community-dwelling Japanese subjects. Subjects were 1268 elderly, community-dwelling Japanese aged 65 years or older. Low muscle mass was defined by appendicular muscle mass index (AMI, weight [kg]/height [m(2)]), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We classified "middle" AMI as a value 1-2 standard deviation (SD) below the young normal mean of AMI and "low" as more than 2 SD below the young normal mean. Examination of IADL was performed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) questionnaire. In this study, 17.2% and 26.2% of elderly men and women, respectively, were classified as having low muscle mass. There was a significant association with age and the change from normal to middle to low muscle mass in both men and women. The prevalence of IADL disability also increased significantly as muscle mass decreased. After adjustment for age and BMI, low muscle mass was significantly associated with IADL disability in men and women. Furthermore, middle muscle mass was significantly associated with IADL disability in women. This study revealed that low muscle mass, defined as a value 2 SD below the mean of young adults, had a significant association with IADL disability in elderly Japanese. Interventions to prevent age-related losses in muscle mass may be an effective strategy to prevent IADL disability among the elderly.