Evaluation of psychiatric interventions in an observational study: issues in design and analysis
- PMID: 21842616
- PMCID: PMC3181996
- DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.2/aleon
Evaluation of psychiatric interventions in an observational study: issues in design and analysis
Abstract
Characteristics of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies of psychiatric intervention effectiveness are contrasted. Randomization drives treatment assignment in an RCT, whereas clinician and patient selection determine treatment in an observational study. Strengths and weaknesses of randomized and observational designs are considered. The propensity adjustment, a statistical approach that allows for intervention evaluation in a nonrandomized observational study, is described here. The plausibility of propensity adjustment assumptions must be carefully evaluated. This data analytic strategy is illustrated with the longitudinal observational data from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study. Evaluations presented here examine acute and maintenance antidepressant effectiveness and demonstrate effectiveness of the higher categorical doses.
Se contrastan las características de los ensayos clínicos controlados randomizados (ECCR) con los estudios observacionales acerca de la eficacia de las intervenciones psiquiátricas. La randomización gula la asignación del tratamiento en los ECCR, mientras que la selección de los clínicos y los pacientes determina el tratamiento en un estudio observacional. Se consideran las forialezas y debilidades de los diseños randomizados y observacionales. También se describe el ajuste de tendencias, una aproximación estadística que permite la evaluación de la intervención en un estudio observacional no randomizado. Debe evaluarse cuidadosamente lo plausible que pueda ser la proposición del ajuste de tendencias. Esta estrategia analítica de datos está ilustrada con los datos observacionales longitudinales del Estudio Colaborativo de Depresión del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de EE.UU. Las evaluaciones que se presentan aquí examinan la eficacia del tratamiento antidepresivo agudo y de mantenimiento, y demuestran la eficacia de las categorías de dosis más altas.
Les caractéristiques des études cliniques contrôlées randomisées (ECR) et des études observationnelles concernant l'efficacité des traitements psychiatriques sont contrastées. Dans une ECR, l'attribution du traitement dépend de la randomisation, tandis que ce sont le médecin et la sélection du patient qui déterminent le traitement dans une étude observationnelle. Cet article compare les forces et faiblesses des schémas d'études randomisés et observationnels. Nous décrivons ici en particulier la méthode d'ajustement sur la propension une approche statistique qui permet l'évaluation du traitement dans une étude observationnelle non randomisée. La crédibilité des hypothèses utilisées pour l'ajustement sur la propension doit être soigneusement vérifiée. Cette stratégie d'analyse des données est illustrée par des données observationnelles longitudinales de la NIMH Collaborative Depression Study. L'évaluation présentée ici examine l'efficacité des antidépresseurs aux phases aiguë et d'entretien et démontre l'efficacité des plus hautes posologies.
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