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Review
. 2011 Sep 1;20(121):134-46.
doi: 10.1183/09059180.00003111.

Sleep apnoea syndrome in 2011: current concepts and future directions

P Lévy  1 , R Tamisier, C Minville, S Launois, J-L Pépin
Affiliations
Review

Sleep apnoea syndrome in 2011: current concepts and future directions

P Lévy et al. Eur Respir Rev. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Statement of Interest

None declared.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Correlation between leg fluid volume (LFV) displacement measured by electrical impedance and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) in non-obese obstructive sleep apnoea. r =-0.802, p<0.001, n = 23. Reproduced from [6] with permission from the publisher.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
a) Correlation between leukotriene (LT)B4 and carotid luminal diameter in vascular remodelling in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). b) Correlation between urinary isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress, and intima media thickness in vascular remodelling in OSA. r = 0.532, p<0.001. c) Correlation between isoprostanes and severity of OSA, i.e. cumulative time spent at <90% arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2). r = 0.478, p = 0.002. d) Inverse correlation between LTB4 and mean Sa,O2. r = 0.53, p<0.001. e) Influence of body weight on LTE4. #: p<0.0001; : p = 0.18; +: p = 0.11. a) Reproduced from [84], b, c) reproduced from [85] and e) reproduced from [77] with permission from the publishers. d) Data from [84].
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The intermittent hypoxia model in normal volunteers. Subjects were exposed to a low inspiratory oxygen fraction (13%) and were maintained at an arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetery (Sp,O2) of 92% using oxygen nasal flow delivery, which was stopped every 120 s for 20 s. This produced 30 oxygen desaturations per hour. Representive nocturnal oxymetric traces of a) an obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patient over 8 h, b) a healthy subject exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 6 h, c) an OSA patient for 30 mins and d) a healthy subject exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 50 mins. e) The setting for intermittent hypoxia in healthy subjects.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Exposure to intermittent hypoxia after 13 nights led to an increase in sympathetic activity measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Representive MSNA neurograms from healthy subjects a) before and b) after exposure to intermittent hypoxia. c) Sympathetic activity expressed as MSNA bursts before and after exposure. Reproduced from [31] with permission from the publisher.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
24-h blood pressure profile after a, d) one night of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, b, e) 13 nights IH exposure and c, f) 5 days after cessation of exposure. ––––: pre-exposure; ––––: post-exposure. formula image: IH. Reproduced from [31] with permission from the publisher.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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