Immune response after rabies vaccine in a kidney transplant recipient

Abstract

A 48-year-old male kidney-transplant recipient was bitten by a rabid dog. His immunosuppressive treatment consisted of cyclosporine 60 mg b.i.d., mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 250 mg t.i.d., and prednisone 5 mg. After wound care, he received 5 doses of purified vero cell rabies vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, and human rabies immunoglobulin, according to international guidelines. Adequate levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies were observed after the administration of the third vaccine dose. However, a decrease of antibody titer was detected by day 28. Immunosuppressive medication was minimized, withdrawing MMF and reducing the dose of cyclosporine. Booster doses of the same vaccine were administered on days 38, 41, 45, 52, and 66. Adequate neutralizing antibody response was recovered during the ensuing 12 months, under reduced immunosuppression. Nineteen months after the incident, the patient remains with good graft function and is asymptomatic for rabies. It remains to be determined whether the attained immune response was either the result of the booster vaccinations or the reduction of immunosuppression alone. Nevertheless, such an outcome would have been possible only with the combined management strategy implemented.

Fig 1.

Dynamics of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (Abs), and serum creatinine (SCr) in the patient’s serum. Timing of vaccine schemes, and immunosuppression minimization, are also depicted. MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; CsA,cyclosporine.