Cardiorespiratory response to exercise after renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the effects of interventional renal sympathetic denervation (RD) on cardiorespiratory response to exercise.

Background: RD reduces blood pressure at rest in patients with resistant hypertension.

Methods: We enrolled 46 patients with therapy-resistant hypertension as extended investigation of the Symplicity HTN-2 (Renal Denervation With Uncontrolled Hypertension) trial. Thirty-seven patients underwent bilateral RD and 9 patients were assigned to the control group. Cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed at baseline and 3-month follow-up.

Results: In the RD group, compared with baseline examination, blood pressure at rest and at maximum exercise after 3 months was significantly reduced by 31 ± 13/9 ± 13 mm Hg (p < 0.0001) and by 21 ± 20/5 ± 14 mm Hg (p < 0.0001), respectively. Achieved work rate increased by 5 ± 13 W (p = 0.029) whereas peak oxygen uptake remained unchanged. Blood pressure 2 min after exercise was significantly reduced by 29 ± 17/8 ± 15 mm Hg (p < 0.001 for systolic blood pressure; p = 0.002 for diastolic blood pressure). Heart rate at rest decreased after RD (4 ± 11 beats/min; p = 0.028), whereas maximum heart rate and heart rate increase during exercise were not different. Heart rate recovery improved significantly by 4 ± 7 beats/min after renal denervation (p = 0.009). In the control group, there were no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, maximum work rate, or ventilatory parameters after 3 months.

Conclusions: RD reduces blood pressure during exercise without compromising chronotropic competence in patients with resistant hypertension. Heart rate at rest decreased and heart rate recovery improved after the procedure. (Renal Denervation With Uncontrolled Hypertension; [Symplicity HTN-2]; NCT00888433).