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Comparative Study
. 2011 Sep;20(5):e103-14.
doi: 10.4037/ajcc2011359.

Effects of systematic oral care in critically ill patients: a multicenter study

Nancy J Ames, Pawel Sulima, Jan M Yates, Linda McCullagh, Sherri L Gollins, Karen Soeken, Gwenyth R Wallen
Comparative Study

Effects of systematic oral care in critically ill patients: a multicenter study

Nancy J Ames et al. Am J Crit Care. 2011 Sep.

Abstract

Background: No standard oral assessment tools are available for determining frequency of oral care in critical care patients, and the method of providing oral care is controversial.

Objectives: To examine the effects of a systematic program of oral care on oral assessment scores in critically ill intubated and nonintubated, patients.

Methods: Clinical data were collected 3 times during critical care admissions before and after institution of a systematic program of oral care in 3 different medical centers. The oral care education program consisted of instruction from a dentist or dental hygienist and a clear procedure outlining systematic oral care. The Beck Oral Assessment Scale and the mucosal-plaque score were used to assess the oral cavity. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed modeling with controls for severity of illness.

Results: Scores on the Beck Scale differed significantly (F = 4.79, P = .01) in the pattern of scores across the 3 days and between the control group (before oral education) and the systematic oral care group. Unlike the control group, the treatment group had decreasing scores on the Beck Scale from day 1 to day 5. The mucosal-plaque score and the Beck Scale scores had strong correlations throughout the study; the highest correlation was on day 5 (r = 0.798, P < .001, n = 43).

Conclusions: Oral assessment scores improved after nurses implemented a protocol for systematic oral care. Use of the Beck Scale and the mucosal-plaque score could standardize oral assessment and guide nurses in providing oral interventions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mucosal-Plaque Score (MPS).a aBased on data in Henriksen et al and Silness and Löe.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Protocol for systematic oral care in the intensive care unit.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Estimated marginal mean score on Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS) vs scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II by day. Control patients with high and low APACHE II scores have overall higher mean BOAS scores than do treatment patients with high and low APACHE II scores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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