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Comment
. 2011 Sep;19(9):1574-6.
doi: 10.1038/mt.2011.169.

Gesicles: Microvesicle "cookies" for transient information transfer between cells

Xandra O Breakefield  1 , Robert M Frederickson, Richard J Simpson
Affiliations
Comment

Gesicles: Microvesicle "cookies" for transient information transfer between cells

Xandra O Breakefield et al. Mol Ther. 2011 Sep.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Microvesicle-mediated intercellular communication. Components of donor cells are incorporated into microvesicles (e.g., exosomes, shedding microvesicles, and apoptotic blebs) that contain proteins, e.g., signaling proteins, transcriptional regulators, reverse transcriptase, and transmembrane proteins; RNA (messenger RNA (mRNA), noncoding RNA (ncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA)); and DNA (genomic DNA (gDNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA)). Microvesicles may initiate signals through interaction between ligands on their surface and receptors on the recipient cell and/or have their contents taken up by recipient cells through endocytosis or fusion at the plasma membrane. (1) Transmembrane proteins can be transferred to the plasma membrane and trigger signaling. (2) Transcriptional regulators can be transferred into the nucleus and regulate promoter activity. (3) mRNAs/miRNAs can be transferred and influence the translational profile. (4) Donor cell–derived cDNAs (e.g., for c-Myc) can be delivered into the recipient cytoplasm (5) or generated from reverse-transcribed mRNAs. (6) Retrotransposon and other DNA elements from microvesicles may integrate into the recipient cell genome. These microvesicle delivery events have the potential to change the phenotype of recipient cells on a short- or long-term basis. (Reprinted with permission from ref. .)
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