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. 2011;6(8):e23033.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023033. Epub 2011 Aug 26.

Photosynthetic responses to heat treatments at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevine (Vitis amurensis L.) leaves

Hai-Bo Luo  1 , Ling Ma, Hui-Feng Xi, Wei Duan, Shao-Hua Li, Wayne Loescher, Jun-Fang Wang, Li-Jun Wang
Affiliations

Photosynthetic responses to heat treatments at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevine (Vitis amurensis L.) leaves

Hai-Bo Luo et al. PLoS One. 2011.

Abstract

Background: The electron transport chain, Rubisco and stomatal conductance are important in photosynthesis. Little is known about their combined responses to heat treatment at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevines (Vitis spp.) which are often grown in climates with high temperatures.

Methodology/findings: The electron transport function of photosystem II, the activation state of Rubisco and the influence of stomatal behavior were investigated in grapevine leaves during heat treatments and following recovery. High temperature treatments included 35, 40 and 45°C, with 25°C as the control and recovery temperature. Heat treatment at 35°C did not significantly (P>0.05) inhibit net photosynthetic rate (P(n)). However, with treatments at 40 and 45°C, P(n) was decreased, accompanied by an increase in substomatal CO(2) concentration (C(i)), decreases in stomatal conductance (g(s)) and the activation state of Rubisco, and inhibition of the donor side and the reaction center of PSII. The acceptor side of PSII was inhibited at 45°C but not at 40°C. When grape leaves recovered following heat treatment, P(n), g(s) and the activation state of Rubisco also increased, and the donor side and the reaction center of PSII recovered. The increase in P(n) during the recovery period following the second 45°C stress was slower than that following the 40°C stress, and these increases corresponded to the donor side of PSII and the activation state of Rubisco.

Conclusions: Heat treatment at 35°C did not significantly (P>0.05) influence photosynthesis. The decrease of P(n) in grape leaves exposed to more severe heat stress (40 or 45°C) was mainly attributed to three factors: the activation state of Rubisco, the donor side and the reaction center of PSII. However, the increase of P(n) in grape leaves following heat stress was also associated with a stomatal response. The acceptor side of PSII in grape leaves was responsive but less sensitive to heat stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. P n, C i and gs in grape leaves under different heat treatments and following recovery.
25°C: normal growth and recovery temperature; 35, 40 and 45°C: high temperature treatments. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of four replicates. At the same time point, the numerical values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple comparison.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Donor side (WK) and reaction center (RCQA) parameters of PSII in grape leaves under different heat treatments and following recovery.
W k = (F k−F o)/(F j−F o); RCQA = ϕ Po×(Vj/M o)×(ABS/CS). The definition of these parameters is shown in detail in Table 2. 25°C: normal growth and recovery temperature; 35, 40 and 45°C: high temperature treatments. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of four replicates. At the same time point, the numerical values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple comparison.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Acceptor parameters (ϕ Po, ϕ Eo, ψ o and ϕ DIo) of PSII in grape leaves under different heat treatments and following recovery.
25°C: normal growth and recovery temperature; 35, 40 and 45°C: high temperature treatments. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of four replicates. At the same time point, the numerical values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple comparison.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Acceptor parameter δ Ro (the efficiency with an electron can move from pq through PSI to the PSI end electron acceptor) in grape leaves under heat treatments at different levels and following recovery.
25°C: normal growth and recovery temperature; 35, 40 and 45°C: high temperature treatments. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of four replicates. At the same time point, the numerical values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple comparison.
Figure 5
Figure 5. PSII efficiency and excitation energy dissipation in grape leaves under different heat treatments and following recovery.
25°C: normal growth and recovery temperature; 35, 40 and 45°C: high temperature treatments. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of four replicates. At the same time point, the numerical values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple comparison.
Figure 6
Figure 6. The activation state of Rubisco in grape leaves under different heat treatments and following recovery.
25°C: normal growth and recovery temperature; 35, 40 and 45°C: high temperature treatments. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of four replicates. At the same time point, the numerical values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple comparison.
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