Effect of cinnamon on gastric emptying, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and appetite responses to high-fat breakfast

Abstract

Background: Cinnamon has been shown to delay gastric emptying of a high-carbohydrate meal and reduce postprandial glycemia in healthy adults. However, it is dietary fat which is implicated in the etiology and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the effect of 3 g cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on GE, postprandial lipemic and glycemic responses, oxidative stress, arterial stiffness, as well as appetite sensations and subsequent food intake following a high-fat meal.

Methods: A single-blind randomized crossover study assessed nine healthy, young subjects. GE rate of a high-fat meal supplemented with 3 g cinnamon or placebo was determined using the 13C octanoic acid breath test. Breath, blood samples and subjective appetite ratings were collected in the fasted and during the 360 min postprandial period, followed by an ad libitum buffet meal. Gastric emptying and 1-day fatty acid intake relationships were also examined.

Results: Cinnamon did not change gastric emptying parameters, postprandial triacylglycerol or glucose concentrations, oxidative stress, arterial function or appetite (p < 0.05). Strong relationships were evident (p < 0.05) between GE Thalf and 1-day palmitoleic acid (r = -0.78), eiconsenoic acid (r = -0.84) and total omega-3 intake (r = -0.72). The ingestion of 3 g cinnamon had no effect on GE, arterial stiffness and oxidative stress following a HF meal.

Conclusions: 3 g cinnamon did not alter the postprandial response to a high-fat test meal. We find no evidence to support the use of 3 g cinnamon supplementation for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disease. Dietary fatty acid intake requires consideration in future gastrointestinal studies.

Trial registration number: at http://www.clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01350284.

Figure 1

Plasma glucose concentrations in healthy subjects after the ingestion of a high-fat test meal supplemented with 3 g cinnamon or placebo. Values are means, with standard deviations represented by vertical bars (n = 8).

Figure 2

Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) concentrations in healthy subjects before and after the ingestion of a high-fat test meal supplemented with 3 g cinnamon or placebo. Values are means, with SD represented by vertical bars (n = 8).

Figure 3

Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for sensations of hunger in healthy subjects before and after the ingestion of a high-fat test meal supplemented with 3 g cinnamon or placebo (n = 8). * Represents the time immediately after breakfast. Values are means, with SD represented by vertical bars.