Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2012 Jul;49(4):387-96.
doi: 10.1597/10-237. Epub 2011 Sep 9.

Neuropsychological, behavioral, and academic sequelae of cleft: early developmental, school age, and adolescent/young adult outcomes

Lynn C Richman  1 , Thomasin E McCoy, Amy L Conrad, Peg C Nopoulos
Affiliations
Review

Neuropsychological, behavioral, and academic sequelae of cleft: early developmental, school age, and adolescent/young adult outcomes

Lynn C Richman et al. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

This article reviews behavioral, neuropsychological, and academic outcomes of individuals with cleft across three age levels: (1) infancy/early development, (2) school age, and (3) adolescence/young adulthood. The review points out that attachment, neurocognitive functioning, academic performance/learning, and adjustment outcomes are the result of a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors and vary with developmental level, sex, and craniofacial anomaly diagnosis. The degree to which associated genetic or neurodevelopmental conditions may explain inconsistent findings is unknown and suggests the need for caution in generalizing from group data on cleft.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Bardach J, Morris HL, Olin WH, Gray SD, Jones DL, Kelly KM, Shaw WC, Semb G. Results of multidisciplinary management of bilateral cleft lip and palate at the Iowa Cleft Palate Center. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;89:419–432. - PubMed
    1. Berger ZE, Dalton LJ. Coping with cleft II: Factors associated with psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with cleft lip and palate and their parents. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48:82–90. - PubMed
    1. Best JR, Miller PH. A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Dev. 2010;81:1641–1660. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Boes A, Murko V, Wood J, Langbehn D, Canady J, Richman L, Nopoulos P. Social function in boys with cleft lip and palate: Relationship to ventral frontal cortex morphology. Behav Brain Res. 2007;181:224–231. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Brantley HT, Clifford E. When my child was born: Maternal reactions to the birth of a child. J Pers Assess. 1980;44:620–623. - PubMed

Publication types