Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Nov;34(11):2458-63.
doi: 10.2337/dc11-1131. Epub 2011 Sep 12.

Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms and progression of insulin resistance in youth at risk for adult obesity

Lauren B Shomaker  1 , Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Elizabeth A Stern, Rachel Miller, Jaclyn M Zocca, Sara E Field, Susan Z Yanovski, Van S Hubbard, Jack A Yanovski
Affiliations

Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms and progression of insulin resistance in youth at risk for adult obesity

Lauren B Shomaker et al. Diabetes Care. 2011 Nov.

Erratum in

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether having childhood depressive symptoms is a risk factor that prospectively predicts impairment in glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A non-treatment-seeking sample of 115 children (aged 5-13 years), oversampled for being at risk for adult obesity, was assessed at baseline and again ~6 years later. Children self-reported depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory at baseline. Insulin resistance was assessed at baseline and follow-up with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Children's depressive symptoms were a significant predictor of follow-up HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose in models accounting for baseline HOMA-IR, insulin, or glucose values; sex; race; baseline age; baseline BMI; change in BMI at follow-up; family history of type 2 diabetes; and time in the study (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this study, depressive symptomatology at baseline predicted the progression of insulin resistance during child and adolescent development independent of changes in BMI. Research is needed to determine whether early intervention to decrease elevated depressive symptoms in youth ameliorates later development of insulin resistance and lessens the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00001522.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Compared with children with lower depressive symptoms at baseline (n = 97; CDI total score <13), youth with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline (n = 18; CDI total score ≥13) had greater follow-up: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: [means ± SE] 2.8 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) (A), fasting insulin (13.2 ± 0.8 µU/L vs. 19.4 ± 1.7 µU/L, P = 0.001) (B), and fasting glucose (85.3 ± 0.8 mg/dL vs. 92.9 ± 1.7 mg/dL, P < 0.001) (C), adjusting for the respective baseline values, sex, race, family history of type 2 diabetes, baseline age, baseline BMI, BMI change, and time in study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lustman PJ, Penckofer SM, Clouse RE. Recent advances in understanding depression in adults with diabetes. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008;10:495–502 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Räikkönen K, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Adlercreutz H, Hautanen A. Psychosocial stress and the insulin resistance syndrome. Metabolism 1996;45:1533–1538 - PubMed
    1. Suarez EC. Sex differences in the relation of depressive symptoms, hostility, and anger expression to indices of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic adults. Health Psychol 2006;25:484–492 - PubMed
    1. Eaton WW, Armenian H, Gallo J, Pratt L, Ford DE. Depression and risk for onset of type II diabetes: a prospective population-based study. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1097–1102 - PubMed
    1. Kawakami N, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H, Ishibashi H. Depressive symptoms and occurrence of type 2 diabetes among Japanese men. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1071–1076 - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Associated data