Prevalence of prehypertension in young military adults & its association with overweight & dyslipidaemia

Abstract

Background & objectives: Estimation of prevalence of prehypertension in a population and its association with risk factors of cardiovascular disease is important to design preventive programmes. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a healthy military population to assess the prevalence of prehypertension and its association with risk factors such as overweight, abdominal adiposity and dyslipidaemia.

Methods: The study included 767 participants (130 officers and 637 from other ranks). The blood pressure, serum triglycerides and serum cholesterol (total, HDL and LDL) were assessed along with anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist-hip ratio in apparently healthy military personnel. Information on smoking, alcohol intake, dietary habits and physical activity was collected using pretested questionnaire. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-139 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80-89 mm Hg.

Results: The overall prevalence of prehypertension was high (about 80%). The prevalence of other risk factors such as overweight (BMI>23 kg/m²), serum total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl, serum LDL cholesterol > 130 mg/dl, serum HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl, serum triglyceride > 150 mg/dl in the total group was 30, 22, 22, 67, and 14 per cent, respectively. Most of the personnel undertook moderate or heavy exercise. A significantly higher proportion of individuals with prehypertension had clinical and behavioural risk factors such as overweight, dyslipidaemia and adverse dietary practices like saturated fat and added salt intake. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, prehypertension had significant positive association with BMI>23 kg/m² (OR 1.75), age (OR 1.89), serum triglyceride >150 mg/dl (OR 2.25)and serum HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl (OR 1.51).

Interpretation & conclusions: The high prevalence of prehypertension and its association with overweight and dyslipidaemia in this young, physically active military population indicates an urgent need for targeted interventions to reduce the cardiovascular risk.

Fig.

Proportion of individuals with normotension and prehypertension having clinical and behavioural risk factors. Chol>200, serum cholesterol >200 mg/dl, LDL>130 - serum LDL cholesterol >200 mg/dl, HDL < 40 - serum HDL cholesterol level <40 mg/dl, TG >150- serum triglyceride >150 mg/dl, BMI >23-body mass index> 23kg kg/m², W/H >0.88, waist hip ratio >0.88, NoEx, nomoderate /heavy exercise; NV, non-vegetarian food intake, G/B, ghee/butter intake, pickle, pickle intake. The proportions of individuals with high risk clinical and behavioral risk factors in the normotensive and prehypertensive group were significantly different (all P<0.001) except the proportion of individuals not doing moderate/heavy exercise.