Cloverleaf skull deformity and hydrocephalus

Abstract

Objective: This article describes the clinical aspects for both operated and non-operated patients with a cloverleaf skull deformity treated in our service, focusing on hydrocephalus.

Methods: We describe 13 cases of cloverleaf skull deformity treated in our services between 1977 and 2008. Among them, ten were operated (9 out of 13 for the craniofacial stenosis and 7 out of 13 for hydrocephalus).

Results: Hydrocephalus was present in all patients with bilateral lambdoid stenosis. There was no case of hydrocephalus among the patients with unilateral or absent lambdoid stenosis. Associated malformations and severe faciostenosis were associated with higher mortality and morbidity.

Conclusion: The development of hydrocephalus seems to be closely related to a bilateral lambdoid stenosis. The optimal treatment must be tailored individually considering the degree of the malformation and the presence of complications and comorbidities.