[Progress in polyphosphate and related metabolizing enzymes]

Abstract

Inorganic polyphosphate (Poly P) is a polymer consisting of ten to hundreds of phosphate residues linked by "high-energy" phosphoanhydride bonds, which is abundantly found in all organisms and nature. Here the basic facts of PolyP are summarized: genes regulated by polyP, role in DNA uptake, motility of microorganism, function in stress response, the virulence of pathogens, as well as the proliferation of mammary cancer cells, blood coagulation, cell calcification and the modulation of mitochondrial activity. Enzymes with activities requiring polyP, such as endopolyphosphatase, glucokinase, NAD kinase, AMP phosphotransferase are outlined too. The structure and activity of enzymes regulating polyP level such as polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase are noted. A thorough analysis of the mycobacterium tuberculosis PPX protein homologs and their biochemical activity is presented.